ACQUISITION
Philosophy: Language is special

Subconscious Process:
Incidental - trying to communicate
Implicit - unaware of learning
Purpose - focus on meaning/communication
Cause of internalization - comprehensible input

Product: implicit knowledge, i.e. you know what sounds right or wrong, but may not know why

LEARNING 
Philosophy: Language is like any other skill

Conscious Process:
Intentional - trying to learn a language
Explicit - aware of learning (deducing/inducing rules)
Purpose - focus on form
Cause of internalization - practice* 

Product: automatized explicit knowledge, i.e. applying rules without much attention to form

* knowledge: declarative -> procedural -> automatic